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Abstract
Background: Chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC) is often associated with various extrahepatic manifestations, which may complicate the disease's progression. Specific Background: Cryoglobulinemia, characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins in the blood, has been implicated in the exacerbation of liver conditions, yet its role in CVHC remains inadequately explored. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing knowledge of the relationship between cryoglobulinemia and liver disease, the specific impact of cryoglobulinemia on the severity of liver fibrosis and associated extrahepatic manifestations in CVHC patients requires further elucidation. Aims: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations and the extent of liver fibrosis in patients with CVHC who also present with cryoglobulinemia, thereby determining the clinical implications of cryoglobulin presence. Results: Our findings indicate that patients with cryoglobulinemia demonstrate a significantly higher prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations and advanced stages of liver fibrosis compared to those without cryoglobulinemia. Novelty: This research contributes novel insights into the aggravating role of cryoglobulins in the clinical course of CVHC, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for disease severity. Implications: These results underscore the need for enhanced clinical monitoring and tailored therapeutic approaches for CVHC patients with cryoglobulinemia, as their condition may predict a more severe disease trajectory and necessitate more aggressive management strategies.
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References
- A. Oblokulov, M. Abdulloev, and A. Jalilova, "Analysis of the Results of the Study on the Determination of Cytokines in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis Depending on the Presence of Cryoglobulinemia," BIO Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, vol. 121, p. 03007, 2024.
- Z. I. Oblokulova, "Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic Viral Hepatitis C," Tibbiyotda Yangi Kun, Tashkent, no. 2 (40), pp. 231-234, 2022.
- A. Oblokulov, S. Mukhtorova, and S. Sanokulova, "Characteristics of Fibrous Formation and Its Relationship with the Level of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C," BIO Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, vol. 121, p. 03008, 2024.
- F. Carrat et al., "Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study," The Lancet, vol. 393, pp. 1453-1464, 2019.
- Z. I. Oblokulova, A. R. Oblokulov, and A. S. Jalilova, "Diagnostic Significance of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Extrahepatic Chronic Viral Hepatitis C," Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 438-443, 2022.
- A. Galossi, R. Guarisco, L. Bellis, and C. Puoti, "Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic HCV Infection," Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, vol. 16, pp. 65-73, 2007.
- M. Martinello, B. Hajarizadeh, J. Grebely, G. J. Dore, and G. V. Matthews, "Management of Acute HCV Infection in the Era of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy," Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol. 15, pp. 412-424, 2018.
- A. R. Oblokulov, Z. I. Oblokulova, A. A. Elmurodova et al., "Virologic Response in the Treatment of Infection with Antiviral Drugs," World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 9, pp. 87-92, 2020.
- C. Romano et al., "Uncommon Immune-Mediated Extrahepatic Manifestations of HCV Infection," Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, vol. 14, pp. 1089-1099, 2018.
- M. I. Mukhammadieva, "Modern Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Liver Cirrhosis Patients of Viral Etiology with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis," Texas Journal of Medical Science, pp. 86-90, 2022.
References
A. Oblokulov, M. Abdulloev, and A. Jalilova, "Analysis of the Results of the Study on the Determination of Cytokines in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis Depending on the Presence of Cryoglobulinemia," BIO Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, vol. 121, p. 03007, 2024.
Z. I. Oblokulova, "Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic Viral Hepatitis C," Tibbiyotda Yangi Kun, Tashkent, no. 2 (40), pp. 231-234, 2022.
A. Oblokulov, S. Mukhtorova, and S. Sanokulova, "Characteristics of Fibrous Formation and Its Relationship with the Level of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C," BIO Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, vol. 121, p. 03008, 2024.
F. Carrat et al., "Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study," The Lancet, vol. 393, pp. 1453-1464, 2019.
Z. I. Oblokulova, A. R. Oblokulov, and A. S. Jalilova, "Diagnostic Significance of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Extrahepatic Chronic Viral Hepatitis C," Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 438-443, 2022.
A. Galossi, R. Guarisco, L. Bellis, and C. Puoti, "Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic HCV Infection," Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, vol. 16, pp. 65-73, 2007.
M. Martinello, B. Hajarizadeh, J. Grebely, G. J. Dore, and G. V. Matthews, "Management of Acute HCV Infection in the Era of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy," Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol. 15, pp. 412-424, 2018.
A. R. Oblokulov, Z. I. Oblokulova, A. A. Elmurodova et al., "Virologic Response in the Treatment of Infection with Antiviral Drugs," World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 9, pp. 87-92, 2020.
C. Romano et al., "Uncommon Immune-Mediated Extrahepatic Manifestations of HCV Infection," Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, vol. 14, pp. 1089-1099, 2018.
M. I. Mukhammadieva, "Modern Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Liver Cirrhosis Patients of Viral Etiology with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis," Texas Journal of Medical Science, pp. 86-90, 2022.